HEREDITARY KIDNEY DISEASE

HEREDITARY KIDNEY DISEASE

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Hereditary kidney disease refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the kidneys, often causing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure over time. These conditions are passed down from parents to children through specific genes that influence kidney structure and function. Examples include polycystic kidney disease (PKD), Alport syndrome, and Fabry disease. Hereditary kidney diseases vary widely in their symptoms and severity, but they generally impact kidney function and can lead to significant health issues if untreated

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Symptoms

The symptoms of hereditary kidney disease depend on the specific condition and its severity. Common symptoms may include:

High blood pressure

Blood in urine (hematuria)

Flank or abdominal pain

Causes

Hereditary kidney disease is caused by genetic mutations passed down from one or both parents. Key causes include:

Type of Inheritance
Fabry Disease
Caused by a mutation in the GLA gene, leading to the buildup of fatty substances in the kidneys and other organs.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, leading to fluid-filled cysts that gradually impair kidney function. Alport Syndrome: A genetic mutation affecting collagen in the kidneys, ears, and eyes, leading to progressive kidney disease and potential hearing loss.
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Other Genetic Mutations
Caused by a mutation in the GLA gene, leading to the buildup of fatty substances in the kidneys and other organs.

Risk Factors

The primary risk factor for hereditary kidney disease is a family history of the condition. Other factors that may influence the onset or progression of the disease include

Genetic Inheritance

Genetic Inheritance

An inherited genetic mutation significantly raises the risk.
Type of Inheritance

Type of Inheritance

Some hereditary kidney diseases are autosomal dominant, meaning only one parent needs to carry the gene, while
Family Medical History

Family Medical History

The presence of kidney disease, kidney cysts, or hearing loss in family members may indicate a higher likelihood of hereditary kidney disease.